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The Dogon are an ethnic group living in the central plateau region of the country of Mali, in Western Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, in the Mopti region. The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=General Facts on the Dogon )〕 The Dogon are best known for their religious traditions, their mask dances, wooden sculpture and their architecture. The past century has seen significant changes in the social organization, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, partly because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. ==Geography and history== The principal Dogon area is bisected by the Bandiagara Escarpment, a sandstone cliff of up to 500 m (1,640 ft) high, stretching about 150 km (90 miles). To the southeast of the cliff, the sandy Séno-Gondo Plains are found, and northwest of the cliff are the Bandiagara Highlands. Historically, Dogon villages were established in the Bandiagara area in consequence of the Dogon people's collective refusal to convert to Islam a thousand years ago.〔Marcel Griaule, Germaine Dieterlen, ''le renard pâle'', Institut d'Ethnologie Musée de l'homme, Paris 1965, Tome 1: -Le mythe cosmologique p. 17〕 Dogon insecurity in the face of these historical pressures caused them to locate their villages in defensible positions along the walls of the escarpment. The other factor influencing their choice of settlement location is water. The Niger River is nearby and in the sandstone rock, a rivulet runs at the foot of the cliff at the lowest point of the area during the wet season. Among the Dogon several oral traditions have been recorded as to their origin. One relates to their coming from Mande, located to the southwest of the Bandiagara escarpment near Bamako. According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na.〔Dieterlen, G., 1955. Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franc¸ais. Journal de la Socie'te' des Africanistes 25 (1/2), 39–76.〕 Archaeological and ethnoarchaeological studies in the Dogon region were especially revealing about the settlement and environmental history, and about social practices and technologies in this area over several thousands of years.〔Mayor, A. 2011. (Traditions céramiques dans la boucle du Niger: ethnoarchéologie et histoire du peuplement au temps des empires précoloniaux. ) Africa Magna, Frankfurt a. M.〕〔Ozainne, S. 2013. (Un néolithique ouest-africain: cadre chrono-culturel, économique et environnemental de l'Holocène récent en Pays dogon, Mali. ) Africa Magna, Frankfurt a. M.〕〔Robion-Brunner, C. 2010. (Forgerons et sidérurgie en pays dogon: vers une histoire de la production du fer sur le plateau de Bandiagara (Mali) durant les empires précoloniaux. ) Africa Magna, Frankfurt a. M.〕 Over time the Dogon moved north along the escarpment, arriving in the Sanga region in the 15th century.〔Griaule, M. 1938 Masques dogons. Paris.〕 Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. It is likely that the Dogon of today combine several groups of diverse origin who migrated to escape Islamization.〔Morton, Robert (ed.) & Hollyman, Stephenie (photographs) & Walter E.A. van Beek (text) (2001) Dogon: Africa's people of the cliffs. New York: Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-4373-5〕 It is often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices, though Islamic law classified them and many other ethnicities of the region, (Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa and the Yoruba) as being within the non-canon dar al-harb and consequently fair game for slave raids organized by merchants.〔Timothy Insoll, ''The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa'' (2003) Cambridge University Press, p. 308〕 As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. The historical pattern has included the murder of indigenous males by Islamic raiders and enslavement of women and children.〔Christopher Wise, ''Yambo Ouologuem: Postcolonial Writer, Islamic Militant'', Published 1999, Lynne Rienner Publishers〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dogon people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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